Teacher-Student Personal Relationship

Personal Relationship is really very important in education and in the learning process. And to build personal relationship with students there is 6 characters identified by the students themselves as a key to have a good relationship with  the teacher. so we should:

1.Acknowledge them:
to show appreciation  on their work and effort. so the teacher most show the students that i see you. for example if the students was absent and he/she come in the next day the teacher must ask him why he/she was absent, because if the teacher don't ask he will feel that if I was in class or not the teacher will not care. also acknowledging the students may be by greeting them individually, or by memorizing all the students' name correctly.

2.Communicating value:
praising the students or showing respect to what they say or what they do, and this happens through:

• showing interest in what they like
• being a good listener to their problems
• high expectations
• reestablishing
• being accessible to the students

3.Respect:

the teacher must spread the respect in class between the students and between the teacher and the students, for example by saying thank you, and please in ordering something to the students. 

4.Fairness:

we should treat all the students in the same way. Many times teachers believe that they are fair but the students don't sense it. When the students feel that the teacher is fair, then she is fair. Fairness can happen through caring about all students and not about high achievers also it can happen through eye contact with all the students not only with specific students.

5.Realness:

the teacher should be real with the students to let them feel that I eat like you and I drink like you, so I can listen to your problems because you and me are humans and have problems so we can listen to each others.

6.Humor & Fun:

it means to laugh with the students and don't laugh on them, and sometimes you need to give the students a break, so they can laugh and have fun.

Teaching Private Lessons

Private lessons are given for low achievers students, for students who don't concentrate in class. In  our country for lower graded students private lesson are seen. The teacher must play the role of guider in private lessons and don't let the student depends on him in the learning process because this will affects his grades, because the student will think that I have a teacher in home then no need to pay attention in class and that's why he will no be able to achieve, so the teacher most be a guider only so the student eliminate this negative thinking and he will be able to achieve higher grades. by the right effort the students can achieve also, so the role of the private teacher is to help the student where to put the right effort and how. the teacher must reexplain the lesson in the house again and give a lot of exercises on this lesson then to assess this lesson through exams, this makes the student make a lot of effort and he will learn and study the concept and he will not forget it, as a result he will succeed and be a high achiever. Finally, our role as  teachers is to direct the students to the right way of learning and to explain the lesson using a different models so the students will achieve his goal, and the teacher will be famous as a successful teacher.

Bullying In Schools

1.Definition:
Bullying is the misuse of power through repeated verbal or/and physical actions that intends to cause physical, social, or/and psychological harms. It can involve an individual or group misusing their power over one or more persons. Usually, bullies feel bad about themselves, so they use bullying to feel better .


2.Causes of Bullying:

• Lack of acceptance
• Low self- esteem
• Violence in movies or video games
• Home-life with arguing adults

3.Effects of bullying on students and children:

Bullying can have negative health, wealth, and social effects on kids who are bullied. Then these kids experience:

• Alcohol and drug intake
• Suicide
• Receive poor grades
• Poor academic performance

4.Percentage of Bullying in Schools:

5.Ways to Stop Bullying:

1) By bullied person:

• Tell his/her parents about the situation
• Avoid to be alone with the bully
• Try to become friend with the bully

2) By Non-Bullies:

• Spread awareness
• Talk to bullies in a peaceful way
• Tell the teacher or the principle

6.Conclusion:

Bullying takes place when the person uses his/ her power in a bad way against people and this is due to many causes. These causes lead to many bad effects especially on kids. We must not give-up, we can help to stop bullying in many ways.

Percentage

Teamwork and Education

Teamwork or cooperative learning are one of the most effective ways in teaching and education. through my learning process in the Lebanese International University and through my major we work to learn as teams that's why we are trained to face any problem and to solve it as a team especially in the lab. Every semester one of subjects must be a lab session and here we apply team work in preparing the materials used in the experiment and in making the experiment, and even in analyzing it. And any problem we face we can solve it as a team. Teamwork is so important in education because learn to function in a team environment so that they will have teamwork skill when they enter the workforce. Also, research tells us that students learn best from tasks that involve doing tasks and involve social interactions.The value of the team approach over the group approach is obvious.As It is a matter of ensuring the faculty and students understand the difference and work towards teamwork!

Graduation Day

“Education is our passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to the people who prepare for it today.” It was a grateful day in which I crowned my efforts by a certificate from Lebanese International University. The university where I learned for 3 years, where I failed and succeed, and in every time I failed i make more effort to reach success. This place was the second home, I share my time with my friends studying in the library for long times and eating together. we learned together a lot of courses from the best doctors. My BS. was in Chemistry because I liked this subject since I was in the Secondary school, that's why I decided to enters this field 'the field of teaching'. This field is a platform to direct generations to the right way and we as a future teachers we will own this platform so we must be the students' model in everything. Teaching chemistry Using my experience now will be so fruitful for me and my students and I hope I can deliver the message behind teaching.

Importance of Technology in Education

Their are many reasons why  technology become so important in education, and not only in education in many fields but here we will focus on education:

1.Students Demand it:

Students are using technology outside the classroom , so it becomes a lifestyle for the students. Also students like to be interactive and learn through technology.

2.New Teachers are Demanding:

Technology is being Taught now a days in our schools in the post-secondary education, and also in other jobs.  in addition the teachers are more interested in using technology in the education process because it saves time and help the students to learn quickly.

3.Kids are the digital Native:

When students use technology in education process they are gaining multi-tasking skills, because they are more interested than adults in technology, and it become a part in their life so this will help them to study and learn better.

4.Kids can Learn at their own pace:

As researches say some of the students can study by their own ace, but the traditional classroom will make studying more difficult to them. By using technology this will help the students to go back to make  view over the lessons easy and study quickly with a good quality.

5.With Technology, there are No Limitations:
Teachers can use creative methods to keep the students engaged in the learning process, and also by getting information by using technology this will help the students to study any concept easily. So technology has changed the learning process in  a positive way.

Achieving Collaboration

Achieving Collaboration

1.Area:

   Providing good communication between teachers and students and achieving the highest level of         collaboration.

2.To Achieve:

providing effective communication to let the students feel more involved in the school achieving collaboration to create an educational environment that can build a community of caring individuals who are all working toward one common goal.

3.How it Would Look Like:

listening to others and maintaining eye contact with others are more important and helps keep the communication flow going. Getting everyone on the same page to collaborate then as a team work everyone should discuss the short and long term goals.

4.Measure Success:

Classroom observation, ask students to repeat explanations. Ask each one to send an email summarizing the lesson and open ended questions.

5.Current Situation:

Teachers communicate with their students as a part of their work not for helping. Teachers don't let the students with weak language to share their ideas. In team work collaboration most often takes place as the one with strong personality will decide all the work or steps.

6.Objective:

Talking to each other in a respected way, listening to each other and helping each other may be through team work or anything else.

7.Action Plan:

2-3 lectures in a week for students and teachers about how to have a better communication.

1-4 training sessions in a week that focus on helping each other. Team work for more collaboration.

8.Time Plan:

In the First month: Lectures for better communication.

In the Second month: training sessions for collaboration.

Every day: Team work activities.

9. Measuring Success of Plan:

Observation, visiting classrooms, notes gathering during team work listening to the way of discussion between teacher and student and observe all lectures and training sessions.

Philosophy of Education

AL-Farabi

Introduction

Abu Nasr Muhammad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Tarkhan Awzalagh al-Farabi was born in _ah 257/ _ad870. He was one of the utmost Islamic philosophers and known for Arabs as the second Master ‘after Aristotle’. Also he was logician, musician, and was also a major political scientist. “Father of Islamic Neoplatonism” that was his name in the area of metaphysics, and while he was taking the way of Aristotelianism and spreading the vocabulary of Aristotle, but Neaplatonic dimension dominates much of his collection. This is noticed in his famous work, al-Madina al-Fadila (The Virtuous City), so he has both Aristotelian and Neoplatonic dimension. One of his works the great book of music, the virtuous city, Epistle on the Intellect. He spoke many languages and travels to a lot of countries and his death circumstances are not clear, he died in Damascus in 950 ad.

Curriculum

Al Farabi said that learning must start with the language and its composition, without the language the student will not be able to introduce himself, communicate with others, and his personality will not develop. Also, the base for knowledge is the language that is very important for him. He can be able to speak many languages that makes him able to know many cultures. Beside language there is ‘logic’ which plays a main role in sciences and their methodology. After language and logic comes mathematics. For Al Farabi arithmetic comes first in the hierarchy of the theoretical sciences. If someone wants to learn the theoretical art he must starts with number, then measures, and after that comes the other things that is related to optics. One of the important ways to study optics, astronomy and natural sciences are mathematics and arithmetic. Al Farabi said that there after sciences we have metaphysics, then the human sciences, then jurisprudence, law, and academic theology. Briefly, Al Farabi’s curriculum classified as follows: science of language, logic, mathematics, natural science, theology, civics, jurisprudence, and academic theology.  Al-Farabi designed a mathematical curriculum in education like that of Plato. As a reminder of the famous words written over the door of the Academy ‘Let none enter who is not a geometer’. Al-Farabi said that ‘the demonstrations used in geometry are the soundest of all demonstrations’. Al-Farabi mentioned another theory that was taken by the follower of Theophrastus, which said that education starts with reforming the ethics, so if he can’t reform his own morals he will not be able to learn any science correctly, then strengthen the rational mind by geometry giving access to logic.

Teaching Methods

Al-Farabi has divided the instructions into special and general, where the general instructions are achieved by demonstration. The nation and citizen are divided into elite and general public, and that is the main reason for different methods of instruction, so for general public persuasive and descriptive methods are used to instruct them, while demonstration methods are used with elite people to find out if they have superior genius. According to the discussion before, Al-Farabi says that there is two ways for education ‘elite and public people’ and education is very important and necessary for all nation, and without it there is no happiness. Also, the method of instruction may also vary as per available instructional material. For example in order to teach theoretical virtues, the demonstration method will be adopted and persuasion method will be used to teach arts and crafts. The speech can be used for demonstration, where the teacher uses this method in teaching theoretical virtues, applied arts and moral values. Al-Farabi used dialogue method following the Plato’s method, and he confirmed on the importance of dialogue in teaching to reach the world of intelligentsia there is two methods: the argument and the discourse methods, both can be used orally and written. While speaking with public people their comprehension level should be taken into consideration so that they can understand what is being said.

Role of the Teacher

According to AL-Farabi morality and learning are important conditions for the teacher, he says that the teacher must holds good personality and says the truth in all conditions, and he must be volunteer in his teaching profession. The other scientific and educational requirements a teacher should hold are: specialization, having the ability to demonstrate and make others comprehend, finally the ability to beware of any defect enters his art.

Role of the Student

Al-Farabi believes that in the mind of the student there should be three parts: to study human talents, to understand physical object intellect, and to comprehend abstract form. So the role of the student is to try for the huge resource of knowledge. There must be no mix between numbers and measures while start teaching mathematics because there is accuracy, precision to train the student in mathematics, and because mathematics has many levels that ranges between immaterial and immeasurable so the student needs progress to distinguish these levels. Beside arithmetic there is geometry that rely on demonstration to get knowledge.  

Al-Ghazali

Al-Ghazali was born in 450 ah or 1058 CE with the name of Abu Hamid ibn Muhammad al-Ghazali. Al-Ghazali was a muslim, theologican, jurist, philosopher, and sufi. He was born in Tabaran, he went to the study the subjects of jurist and theology from al-Juwayni in Nishapur, and then he left Nishapur and joined the court of Nizam al-Mulk in 1085. By 1091 al-Ghazali becomes the professorship in Nizamiyya School in Baghdad. During al-Ghazali’s life he wrote more than 70 books on science, Islamic philosophy and Sufism. He published his book “The Incoherence of Philosophers” which marked a great change in Islamic epistemology. Another of al-Ghazali most renowned work is Ihya’ Ulum al-Din or The Revival of Religious Sciences. Al-Ghazali had a significant influence on both Muslim and Christian medieval philosophers. According to most historians al-Ghazali’s death was in 1111 CE. (de benoist)

Curriculum

According to al-Ghazali the curriculum is divided into three species that is attached to knowledge:

·         Cursed knowledge that is unnecessary. For example: black magic

·         The correct knowledge: that is related to the soul to rescue humanity

·         The right knowledge: that is learnt in depth and in detail. For example: philosophy.

Teaching Methods

Al-Ghazali had set a teaching model for students to improve their mental behavior and other good character. He divided the teaching method into two parts:

·         Religion education:

It starts by memorizing and understanding, then it continues by believing and proving.

·         Character education:

Learning process must leads to build a great personality and learning process includes the student and the teachers’ aspect.

       I.            Learning method principle

1.      Giving the whole focus of attention

2.      Considering the knowledge purpose that will be given

3.      Learning the knowledge staring from the most simple thing to the most complex one

4.      Learning the knowledge with the critism system.

    II.            Teaching method principle

1.      Considering the students’ thinking levels

2.      Giving the clear explanation

3.      Teaching knowledge from concrete to abstract

4.      Teaching knowledge gradually

 III.            Educating method principle

1.      Giving exercises/ practices

2.      Giving understanding and advice

3.      Protecting students from bad social interaction

Role of the Teacher

Al-Ghazali said that the teacher is someone who is generous, perfect, favorable, and gives anything without expecting any rewards.

·         Teacher duties

a.       Teacher should encourage their students and treat them as they are their children

b.      Teacher should not ask for rewards

c.       Teacher should prevent the student from wrong behavior

d.      Teacher should respect knowledge from others

·         Teachers’ character

a.       Caring and sympathetic: act like if you are their father

b.      Sincere: he shouldn’t expect rewards from his students

c.       Honest

d.      Peaceful

e.       Gentle in giving advice

Role of the Student

·         A student should have a positive thinking

·         A beginner student shouldn’t learn contradictive knowledge

·         A student should now the principles

·         A good student should know any knowledge systematically, and learn more than one

·         He should know the goals he has to achieve (Barlian)

Pragmatism

Pragmatism this word goes back to Greek origin that means whatever the work is it can be true or false, because reality changes so truth changes too and no one should claim that he knows the final truth. In another way pragmatism can help us to achieve desirable goal by searching for truth and by practicing, also it help us in solving problems. Although pragmatism as a philosophical movement began in the United States of America in the late 1800s, but it roots can be traced back to British, European, and the ancient Greek philosophical traditions.

Curriculum

For curriculum developing, pragmatists had set the following principles:

·         Principle of Utility

Only subjects, activities, and experience that is necessary and beneficial for the student now and in the future, should be included in the curriculum, such as science, history, physical-training, and language.

·         Principle of Interest

Only the activities and experience that makes the student interested should be included in the curriculum. And these interests are: interest in investigation, interest in construction, interest in conversation, and interest in creative expression. So, the curriculum should include reading, writing, counting, art, craft-work, natural science.

·         Principle of experience

That consists of student’s activity, encouraging him to work/learn, test him, all these three should be found in the curriculum to promote original thinking.

·         Principle of integration

According to pragmatists subjects and activities are one unit, and if they are together in the curriculum they can help the developing student with the society needs and requirements.

Methods of Teaching

The pragmatic method of teaching is practicing, were the student is the main thing in this method, so it depends on activity and learning from personal experience. By this method the teacher encourage the student to learn by himself and this makes him artistic, confident, and cooperative. Also, the student must discover the truth by himself, so the teacher must encourage the student and makes him curios so he can get knowledge.

Role of the Teacher

The main role of the teacher according to pragmatists is to suggest a problem and encourage them to find for it the best solution, and her the teacher must be a helper guider and philosopher.

Role of the Students

Role of the teacher is to guide the student, but the problem faces both the student and the teacher, so as much the student is disciplined as much he learn. As a result the learning process here is a cooperative work between the student and the teacher. 

Realism

According to realists, the world is as it is, so the job of the school is the same. So, realism is the refinement of acceptance of the world as being just what it appears to be. Then, things remains unchanged before and after we know it. In the 17^th and 18^th century, Comenius said that the mind is like a mirror that reflects everything around it. Also, John Locke said that all experience are just impressions made on the mind by external objects, means that the mind is a white paper and we get knowledge and ideas by experience.

Curriculum

·         Humanistic realism said that the student must study the classical literature because it contains beneficial ides and content.

·         Sense realism gives more importance for studying natural sciences and social life

·         New realism attached more importance for studying subject physics and on humanistic feelings, physics and psychology, sociology, economics, Ethics, Politics, history, Geography, agriculture varied arts, languages and so on.

John Wild said that for each beginner student he must study first the basic knowledge “his own language”. Then he must know a new knowledge by at least one foreign language and to study essential mathematics. Then to get knowledge in physics, chemistry, biology, and basic facts. Finally, he should know philosophy.

Methods of Teaching

According to realists the method contains teaching for the facts to develop understanding the natural law. So, the true knowledge is obtained when the student is able to organize data of experience.

Herbart has developed the five step method in education:

1.      Preparation: making the student interested for explaining the lesson by making him remember materials and relate them to the new one.

2.      Presentation: the new materials are presented and explained

3.      Association: making comparison and finding similarities between new materials and old one.

4.      Generalization: concluding the general rule from all the three methods before.

5.      Application: solving exercises and problems on the new and relevant information

Realists accept any method that involves learning through sensory exercises whether it is direct or indirect (using videos, films, radio, TV, records). 

Role of the Teacher

According to realists the role of the teacher is to have the full knowledge about the needs of the students. Not only this but also he must has the ability to give the students the information in a clear way, and to tell the students about the scientific discoveries done by others. Finally, he must inspire his students so they can discover new facts by experimentations, and to be able to know the amount of knowledge that should be given to each student.

Role of the student

The student can’t learn until he follows the roles of learning. Broudy describes the students by four concepts: The realists see the student as a computer that can be programmed. (Maheshwari, 2015)

Reflection

We can conclude that al-Farabi’s ideas about education contains morality, and also the knowledge in the following fields: language, mathematics, natural sciences, human sciences, jurisprudence, law and academic theology.

Al-Ghazali improved the education system by his curriculum, and also when he divided the teaching method into two parts: Religion education, and Character education. Then he said that the teacher is someone who is generous, perfect so he is giving the teacher a big responsibility in teaching. Finally the role of the student to have a positive thinking which is great.

The principles of the pragmatism helped and is helping many curriculums right now so it was a grateful thinking about the curriculum. The methods was amazing and they are being used in our teaching systems such as practicing. The role of the teacher and the students are related which is discipline when the student is quite so the teacher can achieve his goal by explaining the lesson in a good way.

Finally, realism curriculum was perfect by containing: Humanistic realism, Sense realism, and new realism. Herbart has developed the five step method in education and each step is dependent to other to achieve the result. Also, role of the teacher is to give the student the information they want in a clear way and the student must have the following concepts: the appetitive principle, the principle of self-determination, the principle of self-realization, the principle of self-integration